The first Collegium Budapest Winter School series was jointly organised for
three years by Helga Nowotny (Collegium Budapest) and Björn Wittrock (Swedish
Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences). The choice of the first
three themes emerged from a dialogue with ‘Agora 2000–Arbeit, Wissen,
Bindung’ at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, within the framework of
which analogous but slightly different themes were formulated: ‘doing’
(corresponding to ‘Arbeit’), ‘believing’ (‘Wissen’),
and ‘belonging’ (‘Bindung’). The Winter School formulations
were chosen in accordance with the exploratory nature of the enterprise as a
whole, and young European intellectuals and scholars from different disciplines,
and from both Eastern and Western Europe, were invited to engage in dialogue
and a process of rethinking. The 2001 Winter School continued this series and
was organised by Michael Werner for the EHESS, Anna Wessely for Collegium Budapest,
and Björn Wittrock for SCASS. The theme was related to the preparation
of a long-term research project: ‘Multiple Antiquities, Multiple Modernities’.
The 2002 Winter School will take yet another format.
It will again be organised as a joint venture of Collegium Budapest and SCASS,
but this time also linked to a broader network of institutions, taking part
in the ‘Social Science Net’ co-ordinated by the Maison des Sciences
de l’Homme.
The theme will also be related to a workshop on ‘European Citizenship’
arranged in conjunction with the meeting of the representatives of this network,
organized by Edouard Conte (Collegium Budapest) on 7–9 February 2002. The
participants of the Winter School, post-doctoral students and junior researchers
would principally be from the institutions related to the network. They would
have the chance to participate in the discussions and would be invited to comment
the whole material at a concluding discussion in a final session on 10 February,
Sunday morning, with the participation of the organisers and some of the workshop
speakers.
Throughout Europe, citizenship simultaneously defines an individual’s legal
identity and subscription to a national entity. It implies jural subordination
to a nation-state. Yet citizenship cannot be defined or understood without reference
to the cultural foundations of identity. This notion assumes congruence of nation,
state, and territory. Hence, the co-existence of different cultural identities
appears incompatible with the principle of national unity. In practice, however,
the Wilsonian ideal of consonance between culture and borders is, in the European
context, seldom attainable (indeed, only Iceland comes to mind in this regard).
Generally, citizenship operates as a criterion of both exclusion and inclusion.
In distinguishing cultural, ethnic, or religious minorities and majorities,
it legitimates a hierarchy, implicit or explicit, dominated by the ‘entitled
nation’. The ensuing structural asymmetry makes it impossible for the nation-state
to accommodate difference while maintaining equality, in the case of both ‘historical
minorities’ and immigrant communities (see W. Kymlicka). In its most radical
form, this discrepancy legitimates the exercise of ‘ethnocratic’ power,
which may lead both to forced assimilation or ‘unmixing’, as defined
by R. Brubaker.
The object of this workshop is better to understand how the ‘politics of
recognition’ (C. Taylor) and the management of difference by nation-states
impel or mirror transformations of citizenship criteria today being implemented
in Europe, as well as in some neighbouring countries of the Mediterranean Basin
tightly linked to Europe through migratory processes. The approach adopted is
multi-disciplinary, the method comparative. We propose to give an account of
current research projects in Eastern as well as Western Europe, North Africa
and the Near East so as to illustrate two basic modes of intercultural relations.
On the one hand, we shall discuss intercultural co-existence and conflict between
‘entitled nations’ and historical minorities, and, on the other, between
host societies and immigrant communities. Three intercultural settings well
suited to enhance our comprehension of these complementary processes as they
affect the current redefinition of European borders and identities will be considered,
namely (i) Near East–North Africa–Europe (1 day), (ii) the Balkans
(1/2 day), and (iii) Hungary– Transylvania–Romania (1/2 day).
During the workshop, special attention will be given to assessing the institutional
conditions of research as well as academic, financial, and political difficulties
encountered in its implementation. On the basis of these presentations, we shall
formulate proposals for future collaborative research associating the member
institutions of the Social Science Net and relevant academic institutions in
the countries considered.
18:00 Presentation of the Collegium Budapest Winter School by Gábor Klaniczay,
Rector
18:15 Presentation of the Social Science Net by Hinnerk Bruhns, Network coordinator,
Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris
18:30 Presentation of the Workshop by Édouard Conte, CNRS-Collegium Budapest
18:45 Presentation of participants
19:00 Dinner lecture: Christian Giordano, sociologist, University of Fribourg
(Switzerland): “Concepts of citizenship: from the negation to the celebration
of difference”
20:15 Reception
Chair: Christian Giordano, University of Fribourg (Switzerland)
9:00 Dieter Gosewinkel, historian, Free University, Berlin: “Citizenship
law in France and Germany. Perspectives of historical comparison”
9:30 Édouard Conte, anthropologist, CNRS-Collegium Budapest: “The
cultural foundations of citizenship. How European and Middle-Eastern perspectives
differ”
10:00 Selim Deringil, historian, Marmara University, Istanbul: “The Ottoman
law of citizenship”
10:30 Debate
11:00 Coffee break
11:20 Bernard Botiveau, lawyer-political scientist, CNRS-IREMAM, Aix-en-Provence:
“Palestinian citizenship?”
11:50 Don Handelman, anthropologist, Hebrew University of Jerusalem: “Contradictions
between citizenship and nationality: their consequences for ethnicity and inequality
in Israel”
12:20 Debate
13:00 Lunch
Chair: Édouard Conte, CNRS-Collegium Budapest
14:30 Narjys El-Alaoui, anthropologist, Musée de la Méditerranée,
Marseille: “Sujet du Roi et citoyen de la République : le vote en
tant que rite de passage parmi les Marocains de Marseille” (“Subject
of the King and citizen of the Republic: voting as a rite of passage among Franco-Moroccans
in Marseille”)
15:00 Zoubir Chattou, anthropologist, École nationale d’agriculture,
Meknès: “Enjeux et significations de la naturalisation des Marocains
en France” (“Challenges and meanings of naturalisation among Moroccans
in France”)
15:30 Debate
16:00 Coffee break
16:20 Ayse Caglar, anthropologist, European University, Florence: “The
missing link in transnational citizenship: the case of German Turks”
16:50 Otto Mallmann, Judge at the Supreme administrative court, Berlin: “The
naturalization of ethnic Germans in post-war Germany”
17:20 Debate
20:00 Dinner
Chair: Gisela Bock, Central European University, Budapest
9:00 Dobrinka Kostova, sociologist, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia: “Citizenship
and interethnic relations in Bulgaria”
9:30 Alessandro Silj, political scientist, Italian Council for the Social Sciences,
Rome: “Emerging Macedonian citizenship”
10:00 Debate
10:30 Coffee break
10:50 Gilles de Rapper, anthropologist, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence: “Albanian
identities”
11:20 Rainer Ohliger, historian, Humboldt University, Berlin: “Redefining
German citizenship from its margins? The inclusion/exclusion of ethnic Germans
from Romania”
11:50 Debate
12:30 Lunch
Chair: Anca Oroveanu, New Europe College, Bucharest
14:00 François Ruegg, anthropologist, University of Fribourg (Switzerland):
“Interculturality and citizenship in Eastern-central
Europe: a variation on an old tune?”
14:30 Constantin Iordachi, political scientist, Central European University,
Budapest: “Redefining the boundaries of the nation: Debates on dual citizenship
in post-communist East-Central Europe”
15:00 Debate
15:30 Coffee break
15:50 Rudolf Poledna, sociologist, University of Cluj-Napoca: “Kann und
soll die
Staatsbürgerschaft legitimiert werden? Erwägungen aus einer soziologischen
Perspektive” (“Can and should citizenship be legitimated? Reflections
from a sociological perspective”)
16:20 Laszlo Kürti, anthropologist, University of Miskolc: “Borders,
transnationalism, and national citizenship: the status law and its problems”
16:50 Debate
17:20 Georg Thurn, Research coordinator, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin: “Modes
of cooperation and exchange programmes among Social Science Net member institutions”
17:40 Final Discussion on future cooperation with Paolo Acunzo, Scientific officer,
Directorate General Research of the European Commission, and representatives
of Social Science Net member institutions